McKesson Clinical Reference Systems: Women's Health Advisor 2002.2
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Heart disease affects the quality of life of millions of Americans and is the leading cause of death. The development of most heart disease is related to the way we live. Changing to a healthier lifestyle will help prevent both new and repeat heart problems.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and a major cause of ill health and disability. Recent studies have suggested that women need to be more alert to the symptoms of heart disease and to seek treatment more promptly.

A family history of heart disease is an important risk factor. If members of your family have had heart disease, it is especially important for you to try to reduce other risks.

Try to control medical conditions that increase your risk of heart disease.

Diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are major risk factors for heart disease. The same measures that help prevent or control these conditions will also reduce your risk for heart disease. Follow your health care provider's instructions about medicines such as aspirin and ACE inhibitors.

Get regular exercise.

Many people get very little exercise. You should get regular exercise because it:

• Helps blood circulation.
• Helps keep blood pressure and blood cholesterol within normal limits.
• Keeps muscles in tone.
• Helps prevent obesity by using calories.
• Improves your mood.

All this helps keep your heart healthy. Regular mild exercise is far better for you than occasional strenuous exercise. Try to walk at least a mile a day.

Stop smoking.

Smoking is a major risk for heart disease. It causes narrowing of the arteries (vessels that carry blood around the body). If you are a smoker, your blood is more likely to form clots in the arteries of the heart. Smoking also damages the lungs, which in turn may cause heart damage. Research has shown that smokers who quit can reduce their risk for heart disease.

Maintain a healthy weight.

Extra weight increases blood pressure, causes strain on the heart, and increases the risk for heart disease. It also increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, which is also a risk factor for heart disease.

One third of American women are considered overweight. Recommended weight-for-height tables will give you your healthy weight range. Talk to your doctor about weight control if you are overweight. Weight loss should be slow and steady. Aim to lose no more than 2 pounds a week.

Eat a healthy diet

A healthy diet is the best way to get the nutrients your body needs. Extreme dieting is not healthy. Cutting out fat is the easiest way to take in fewer calories and still have a balanced diet. For its weight, fat contains more than twice the calories of other foods. A diet that is high in cholesterol and fat, especially animal (saturated) fat, increases blood cholesterol and contributes to artery disease. Artery disease is the main cause of heart attacks. Research is being done to see if taking certain vitamins may help prevent heart disease. Ask your health care provider about taking vitamin supplements.

Try to reduce stress.

Stress and how you handle it is a risk factor for heart disease because it can increase blood pressure and blood cholesterol. Relaxation techniques can be helpful in reducing stress. You may be able to avoid getting into stressful situations, too. Learn to take time out. Hobbies can be helpful.

Take small steps toward a healthy lifestyle.

If you decide you need to make changes in the way you live, you probably won't be able to turn your life around all at once. It is far better to change things in small, permanent steps than try to do too much and fail.

This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information is intended to inform and educate and is not a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.