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McKesson Clinical Reference Systems: Women's Health Advisor 2002.2
Alcohol Withdrawal
What is alcohol withdrawal?
Alcohol withdrawal is the physical problems and
emotions you have if you are dependent on alcohol and then
suddenly stop drinking. It can also happen if you drink
much less than you are used to drinking. You are most
likely to have withdrawal problems 1 to 7 days after your
last drink.
How does it occur?
If you are an alcoholic, you may have withdrawal if:
- You decide to stop drinking.
- You are in a situation where you can't drink alcohol,
such as at a hospital, treatment center, or jail.
What are the symptoms?
The effects of alcohol withdrawal vary greatly. Most people
with mild to moderate alcohol dependence have one or more
of these symptoms:
- headache
- dizziness
- nausea and vomiting
- shaking
- sweating
- restlessness
- seizures
- increased heart rate or blood pressure
- trouble sleeping or concentrating
- strong desire to drink to relieve the symptoms of
withdrawal
A few alcoholics experience a life-threatening condition
called delirium tremens (DTs). This is a medical
emergency. The symptoms may include:
- confusion
- hallucinations
- agitation
- seizures
- memory problems
- fever
- very high heart rate and blood pressure.
How is it diagnosed?
Your health care provider will review your symptoms,
examine you, and ask about your medical history and memory.
You may have one or more of these tests:
- urine and blood tests to check for the level of alcohol
and other drugs in your body
- blood tests to measure blood count, the sugar level in
your blood, and how your liver is working
- chest x-ray if your provider thinks you might have
pneumonia
- other x-rays if your provider thinks you may have a
broken bone, perhaps from a fall.
How are alcoholism and withdrawal treated?
If you are an alcoholic, you must acknowledge the problem
and take responsibility for it before you can begin
treatment. Some people know they have an alcohol problem
but deny that they need help to stop drinking. When you
can take responsibility for your problem and admit you need
help, call your health care provider to get some help.
Many alcoholics cannot admit that they have a problem.
Loved ones, employers, or others may then have the painful
task of committing the alcoholic to treatment. This is
very tough but necessary. To say the alcoholic can't be
helped until he or she wants help is not true.
Detoxification:
Depending on how much and how long you have been drinking,
you may need a hospital stay to "dry out" (detoxification).
There are also many outpatient centers for detoxification.
Treatment for withdrawal symptoms may include
tranquilizers, vitamin supplements, and intravenous (IV)
fluids. Medical supervision of your withdrawal from
alcohol is especially important if you have other medical
problems or are taking medicines.
Detoxification may take 3 to 4 days.
Long-Term Treatment:
After detoxification, you will need long-term treatment.
This may include social, medical, and psychological
therapy.
- Social treatment involves family members and focuses on
problems in the home and at work.
- Psychological therapy usually involves group therapy
sessions to understand the illness and why you drink.
Self-help support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
can be very helpful. At local chapter meetings you can
meet other alcoholics, share experiences, and receive
encouragement. It does not cost anything to join AA.
Meetings are open to anyone who has a drinking problem and
wants to become and stay sober. Phone numbers for local
chapters of AA are usually listed in the phone book.
Families of alcoholics can join a related organization
called Al-Anon. For families of someone who does not
recognize his or her drinking problem, Al-Anon meetings can
help build understanding and strength before forcing the
person into treatment. It's very hard to keep denying an
alcohol problem if your family is attending Al-Anon.
How long will the effects last?
The symptoms of a hangover may last 24 hours. The shakes
and hallucinations of delirium tremens (DTs) may last 1 to
5 days. Delirium tremens can be fatal if it is not treated.
How can I take care of myself?
If you are an alcoholic, the most important thing you can do
for yourself is to admit the problem and ask for help. If
you decide to stop drinking alcohol or find yourself in a
situation in which you cannot drink (such as in a hospital),
ask for medical help. You may not need hospital treatment
for withdrawal symptoms, but you should be where someone can
get help for you if you need it.
While you are having treatment for withdrawal:
- Take the full course of treatment your health care
provider prescribes.
- Follow your provider's advice for treatment of any other
medical problems.
- Have 3 meals a day.
- Take a multiple vitamin.
- If possible, avoid drinking coffee and smoking.
- Get enough sleep and stay as active as possible during
the day.
- Attend AA meetings often.
For more information, contact:
What can be done to help prevent alcohol withdrawal?
If you are physically dependent on alcohol, you will
experience withdrawal symptoms when you quit drinking. But
alcoholism can be treated so that you can withdraw safely
and with much less discomfort.
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